How To Build A Brick Column: A Step-by-Step Guide

Brick columns can add a touch of timeless elegance and structural integrity to your home or landscape. Whether you're looking to enhance your entryway, define your property lines, or create a stunning focal point in your garden, building a brick column is a rewarding DIY project. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step of the process, from laying the footing to placing the capstone, ensuring your column stands strong and beautiful for years to come. So, grab your tools, and let's get started, guys!

Planning and Preparation

Before you even think about mixing mortar, careful planning is crucial. This initial stage will lay the foundation (pun intended!) for a successful project. You need to consider various aspects, like the purpose of the column, its design, and the necessary materials. This part is all about setting yourself up for success, so don't skip it!

Determine the Purpose and Location

First and foremost, determine the primary purpose of your brick column. Is it purely decorative, or will it provide structural support for a porch, pergola, or gate? The function of the column will influence its size, footing requirements, and construction methods. For instance, a load-bearing column will require a more substantial footing and reinforced construction than a purely decorative one. Next, carefully consider the location of your column. Think about the surrounding landscape, architectural style of your home, and any existing structures. The column should complement its environment and enhance the overall aesthetic appeal. Ensure the location is accessible for construction and allows for proper drainage.

Design and Dimensions

Now comes the fun part – designing your brick column! Consider the desired height, width, and style. Do you want a classic, traditional look or a more modern design? Research different bricklaying patterns and capstone options to find a style that suits your taste and complements your home. Common bricklaying patterns include running bond, stack bond, and Flemish bond, each offering a unique visual appeal. The dimensions of the column should be proportionate to its surroundings. A column that's too tall or too wide can overwhelm the space, while one that's too small might get lost. Sketch out your design and calculate the number of bricks you'll need, adding extra for cuts and waste. This will help you estimate material costs and avoid running short mid-project.

Gather Materials and Tools

Once you have a design in mind, it's time to gather your materials and tools. You'll need bricks, mortar mix, a suitable capstone, and various tools for mixing, laying, and leveling. Creating a comprehensive materials list and ensuring you have everything on hand before starting the project will save you time and frustration. Here's a basic checklist:

• Bricks: Calculate the quantity based on your design, and purchase extra for cuts and waste.
• Mortar Mix: Choose a type suitable for bricklaying, and follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing.
• Capstone: Select a capstone that complements the style and dimensions of your column.
• Shovel and Tamper: For preparing the footing.
• Mixing Tub or Wheelbarrow: For mixing the mortar.
• Margin Trowel, Pointing Trowel, and Brick Trowel: For handling and applying mortar.
• Level: Essential for ensuring the column is plumb and level.
• Rubber Mallet: For tapping bricks into place.
• Brick Hammer and Chisel: For cutting bricks.
• Safety Glasses and Gloves: For protecting your eyes and hands.
• Measuring Tape and String Line: For accurate layout and alignment.

Laying the Footing

A solid footing is the foundation of any sturdy brick column. It provides a stable base that prevents the column from settling or shifting over time. A properly constructed footing will distribute the weight of the column evenly, ensuring its longevity. Neglecting the footing can lead to cracks, instability, and even collapse of the column, so don't skimp on this crucial step.

Excavate and Pour the Concrete Footing

The first step in laying the footing is excavation. Dig a hole that's at least twice the width of your column and extends below the frost line in your area. The depth of the frost line varies depending on your location, so check your local building codes for specific requirements. This depth ensures that the footing won't be affected by freezing and thawing cycles, which can cause the ground to heave and crack the foundation. After excavating, add a layer of gravel to the bottom of the hole for drainage and compaction. This gravel base will help prevent water from pooling around the footing and potentially weakening it. Next, pour a concrete footing into the excavated hole. The thickness of the footing will depend on the size and weight of your column, but a minimum of 6 inches is generally recommended. Use a concrete mix designed for foundations, and follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing and pouring. Ensure the surface of the concrete is level using a level and screed board. A level surface is crucial for laying the first course of bricks accurately. Allow the concrete to cure completely before proceeding to the next step. Curing time typically ranges from 24 to 72 hours, depending on the type of concrete and weather conditions.

Build a Form for the Footing (If Necessary)

For larger columns or those requiring a specific shape, you may need to build a form for the footing. A form provides a mold for the concrete, ensuring it sets in the desired shape and size. Forms are typically constructed from plywood or lumber and can be custom-made to fit your project's specifications. Constructing a form involves measuring and cutting the wood to the required dimensions, then assembling it securely using nails or screws. The form should be sturdy enough to withstand the weight of the concrete and prevent it from bulging or leaking. When pouring concrete into a form, ensure the form is properly braced and supported to prevent it from shifting. After the concrete has cured, carefully remove the form, leaving a clean, uniform footing.

Laying the Brick Courses

With a solid footing in place, you're ready to start laying the brick courses. This is where your column begins to take shape, and precision is key. Accurate bricklaying ensures a strong, straight, and visually appealing column. Patience and attention to detail are essential for this stage, as any errors can accumulate and affect the final result. Think of it as building a sturdy tower – each brick contributes to the overall strength and stability.

Mix the Mortar

Properly mixed mortar is crucial for a strong and durable brick column. The mortar acts as the glue that holds the bricks together, so it needs to be the right consistency and strength. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing the mortar, and use the correct ratio of water to dry mix. Overwatering the mortar can weaken it, while not adding enough water can make it difficult to work with. A good consistency for mortar is similar to that of peanut butter – spreadable but not runny. Use a mixing tub or wheelbarrow to mix the mortar, and a margin trowel to combine the ingredients thoroughly. Mix only as much mortar as you can use in about an hour, as it will start to set and become less workable over time. If the mortar starts to stiffen, remix it with a little water, but avoid adding too much water, as this can weaken the mix.

Lay the First Course

The first course of bricks is the foundation for the entire column, so it's crucial to get it right. Use a level to ensure the footing is perfectly level, and make any necessary adjustments before laying the first brick. Start by spreading a bed of mortar on the footing, slightly wider than the width of the brick. The mortar bed should be about an inch thick. Place the first brick on the mortar bed, and tap it gently into place with a rubber mallet. Use a level to check that the brick is level both horizontally and vertically. Continue laying bricks in the first course, maintaining a consistent mortar joint between each brick. The mortar joints should be about 3/8 inch wide. Use a pointing trowel to smooth the mortar joints as you go. A string line can be used to ensure the first course is straight and aligned. Stretch the string line tightly between two points, and use it as a guide for laying the bricks. Check the alignment frequently with a level and adjust as needed.

Build Subsequent Courses

Once the first course is complete, you can start building subsequent courses. Apply a layer of mortar to the top of the first course, and place the next brick on top, staggering the joints for added strength and visual appeal. This staggering of joints is a fundamental principle in bricklaying, creating a bond that distributes weight and prevents cracks. Maintain consistent mortar joints between bricks in each course, and use a level to check for plumb and level regularly. As you build each course, use a brick trowel to apply mortar to the sides of the bricks before placing them, ensuring a full mortar joint. Check the alignment and plumb of the column frequently using a level and plumb bob. A plumb bob is a weighted object suspended from a string, used to establish a vertical reference line. Any deviations from plumb should be corrected immediately to prevent the column from leaning.

Adding the Capstone

The capstone is the crowning glory of your brick column, adding a finishing touch and protecting the column from the elements. It's like the hat on your column, giving it that polished and complete look. Choosing the right capstone can significantly enhance the aesthetic appeal of your column, so take your time to find one that complements your design.

Select and Install the Capstone

Select a capstone that complements the style and dimensions of your column. Capstones come in various materials, including concrete, stone, and brick, and in different shapes and sizes. Consider the overall aesthetic you're aiming for when choosing a capstone. A capstone that's too small might look insignificant, while one that's too large can overwhelm the column. Before installing the capstone, clean the top of the column and remove any loose mortar or debris. Apply a generous layer of mortar to the top of the column, and carefully position the capstone on the mortar bed. Tap the capstone gently into place with a rubber mallet, ensuring it's level and centered. Use a level to check that the capstone is level in all directions. The capstone should overhang the column slightly, providing a drip edge that helps to protect the brickwork from water damage. Remove any excess mortar from around the capstone with a pointing trowel, and smooth the mortar joints. Allow the mortar to cure completely before applying any sealant or protective coating to the capstone.

Finishing Touches and Maintenance

Once the capstone is in place, it's time for finishing touches and maintenance. These final steps will ensure your brick column looks its best and stands the test of time. It's like giving your masterpiece a final polish, ensuring it shines for years to come.

Tooling the Mortar Joints

Tooling the mortar joints is a crucial step in achieving a professional-looking finish. Tooling involves compressing and shaping the mortar joints, creating a consistent and weather-resistant seal. It also enhances the aesthetic appeal of the column by defining the brick pattern. There are several different tooling styles, including concave, V-shaped, and grapevine. Choose a tooling style that complements the overall design of your column. The tooling process should be done when the mortar is thumbprint hard – firm enough to hold a shape but still slightly pliable. Use a jointing tool that matches the desired tooling style, and run it along the mortar joints, applying consistent pressure. Remove any excess mortar and smooth the joints with a brush.

Cleaning the Brickwork

After the mortar has cured, clean the brickwork to remove any excess mortar, dirt, or stains. A clean brick column will showcase the beauty of the brick and enhance the overall appearance. Use a mild detergent and water solution to clean the brickwork, and scrub gently with a soft brush. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the brick and mortar. Rinse the brickwork thoroughly with clean water, and allow it to dry completely. For stubborn mortar stains, you may need to use a specialized brick cleaner. Follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully, and test the cleaner on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn't damage the brick.

Regular Inspection and Maintenance

Regular inspection and maintenance are essential for ensuring the longevity of your brick column. Inspect the column periodically for cracks, loose bricks, or deteriorating mortar joints. Address any issues promptly to prevent further damage. Small cracks can be repaired with patching mortar, while loose bricks may need to be re-mortared. If you notice any significant damage, consult a professional mason for advice. Keep the column clean by removing any debris, vines, or vegetation that may grow on it. Over time, plants can damage the brick and mortar, so it's important to keep them trimmed back. Applying a sealant to the brick and mortar can help protect it from water damage and weathering. Choose a sealant specifically designed for masonry, and follow the manufacturer's instructions for application. With proper care and maintenance, your brick column will stand strong and beautiful for generations.

Building a brick column is a challenging but rewarding project. By following these steps and paying close attention to detail, you can create a stunning addition to your home or landscape. So, go ahead, guys, and build something amazing!